Thaum cov engineers qhia cov electrodes rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv pas dej ua ke, lossis cov tshuab dej electrolytic, lawv feem ntau tsom mus rau txheej txheej chemistry thiab qhov ceev tam sim no. Kev kho deg, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov hloov pauv ntsiag to uas txiav txim siab seb a titanium anode pas nrigua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov peev xwm ntsuas rau xyoo - lossis degrades hauv lub hlis. Phau ntawv qhia no rhuav tshem cov kev npaj kev tshawb fawb, kev ua kom muaj zog, thiab cov qauv zoo uas teeb tsa lub electrode zoo sib nrug ntawm ib qho uas ua tsis tau sai.
Qhov Kev Kho Hniav Dab Tsi Yog Titanium Anode Qws Xav Tau?
Ib tug titanium anode pas nrig tuaj txog ntawm lub zeb nrog ib tug passive oxide txheej - feem ntau TiO₂ - uas tsim spontaneously thaum titanium hu rau huab cua. Cov txheej txheem passivation ib txwm pab ua kom cov qauv tsis xeb, tab sis hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob ntws. Thaum muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm cov txheej txheem passive uas tseem yog tag nrho, cov txheej txheem hlau zoo nkauj tsis lo zoo, cais thaum polarization tshwm sim, thiab ua rau tsis sib xws tam sim no.
Cov txheej tsis muaj zog no raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho kom zoo, uas tseem ua rau lub hauv paus microscopically qhib uas tuav cov txheej hauv qhov chaw.
Mechanical Pretreatment: Grit Blasting thiab sib tsoo
Abrasion los ntawm cov tshuab yog thawj kauj ruam hauv cov txheej txheem. Dawb alumina (Al2O3) grit blasting ntawm lub siab tswj tau tshem tawm cov av av, zeb nplai, thiab ntau cov oxide buildup. Kev tshawb fawb hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Electrochimica Acta lees paub tias alumina -blasted titanium nto muaj qhov roughness (Ra),
uas nce li ntawm 0.3 µm mus rau nruab nrab ntawm 1.5 µm thiab 3.5 µm, ib tug ntau yam uas ua rau coating bonding zoo dua. Cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov xov xwm blasting tsis muaj cov hlau, vim cov khoom siv hlau hauv cov xov xwm tuaj yeem ua kom xeb tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv paus ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem.
Tshuaj Etching nrog Oxalic Acid
Tom qab hnav los ntawm cov tshuab, tus pas nrig feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj kub ntawm 10-20 wt% oxalic acid ntawm 80-95℃rau 20-40 feeb. Oxalic acid rhuav tshem ib qho oxide uas tshuav, qhib cov ciam teb, thiab ua rau micro- pitted nto yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv paus titanium.
Tam sim no qhov saum npoo yog huv si thiab chemically reacting, thiab nws yog npaj txhij rau lub npog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau. Lub sij hawm thiab kub ntawm etching yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj; me ntsis etching tawm tom qab qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, thiab ntau dhau etching ua rau lub hauv paus phab ntsa tsis muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pas nrig nyias siv hauv cov hlwb me me.
Titanium Anode Qws Nto Ua kom muaj nuj nqis hlau txheej
Thaum lub substrate yog mechanically abraded thiab acid -etched, lub titanium anode pas nrigyuav tsum tau qhib ua ntej txheej txheej. Kev ua kom stabilizes nto chemistry yog li thawj txheej precursor - feem ntau yog ruthenium, iridium, los yog platinum chloride tov - tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog hlau nplaum nrog cov titanium.
Thermal Decomposition thiab Multi-Txheej Txhuam Txhuam
Thermal decomposition yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lag luam los muab cov khoom sib xyaw hlau oxide (MMO) txheej. Nyias, tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj yaj yeeb yaj kiab yog txhuam rau ntawm tus pas uas tau muab pov tseg. Ua ntej, txhua txheej yog qhuav ntawm 60-80 degree. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog calcined nyob rau hauv qhov cub ntawm 400-550℃nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj oxygen. Thaum cov hlau chlorides cua sov, lawv tawg rau hauv lawv cov oxides sib xws, xws li RuO₂, IrO₂, thiab TaO₅. Cov oxides no ces crystallize rau hauv rutile -theem zaj duab xis uas yog electrochemically active.
Lub voj voog no rov ua dua hla ntau qhov hla.
Tus qauv coj mus muag titanium anode pas nrig feem ntau tau txais 6-15 txheej txheej, tsim tag nrho MMO thickness ntawm 2 µm thiab 15 µm. Ua kom tus lej ntawm cov voj voog txhim kho cov txheej txheej thauj khoom thiab txuas ntxiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub neej, tab sis txhua qhov kev hla ntxiv yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas kub zoo sib xws hauv qhov cub. Tsis yog-cov calcination tsis xws luag ua rau amorphous oxide thaj ua rau thaj nrog qis catalytic kev ua si thiab txo adhesion zog.
Gradient Composite Txheej Architecture
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ua kom tau zoo dua li ib zaug xwb -MMO txheej txheej. Tus nqi ntawm ruthenium mus rau iridium (los yog ruthenium rau tantalum) hloov maj mam los ntawm substrate interface mus rau sab nrauv ntawm ib tug gradient composite txheej. Cov txheej sab hauv muaj ntau dua tantalum oxide, uas ua rau lawv lo ua ke zoo dua thiab txwv tsis pub chloride ions los ntawm kev nkag mus. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg muaj ntau dua ruthenium oxide, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm cov electrode thiab cov tshuaj.
Qhov kev tsim no siv rau hauv plaub qhov zoo-paub txoj hauv kev uas cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav: microcracks, delamination, substrate passivation hauv qab txheej, thiab chloride ions nkag mus rau hauv cov qoob loo ntawm thaj tsam ntawm titanium puag. Ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb cov kev sim kuaj tau pom tias gradient-coated electrodes tuaj yeem ua rau lawv qhov chaw ruaj khov - Circuit Court muaj peev xwm rau 15–30% ntev dua ib zaug - cov txheej txheej thaum lawv ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua nrog qhov ceev tam sim no.
Qhov Nto Roughness cuam tshuam li cas rau Titanium Anode Qws?
Deg roughness tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas kom zoo nkauj xwb. Ra muaj nuj nqis ncaj qha tswj qhov tiag electroactive nto thaj tsam ntawm titanium anode pas nrig, uas nyob rau hauv lem cuam tshuam rau catalytic efficiency, tam sim no tis, thiab txheej lifespan.
Lub substrate uas smoother (Ra <0.5 µm) ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov txheej thiab titanium lattice rau mechanically txuas. Thaum muaj polarization cycling, uas tshwm sim ntau nyob rau hauv sporadic electrolysis systems, oxide txheej thiab titanium muaj kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias expansion, uas ua rau shear stress ntawm kev sib cuag.
Ntawm qhov chaw du, tsis muaj cov qauv kev khi txaus los daws qhov kev ntxhov siab no, yog li micro- delamination pib ntawm cov npoo ntawm daim npog thiab txav mus rau sab hauv.
Thaum muab piv rau ib tug du nto, tswj roughness profile (Ra 1.5-3.5 µm) ua rau qhov tseeb kev sib raug zoo cheeb tsam peb mus rau tsib npaug loj dua. Nws kuj tseem kis tau qhov tam sim no ntau dua thoob plaws tus pas nrig cov duab, uas txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav ua rau kom ceev cov txheej txheej hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawd.
Titanium Anode Rod Txheej Uniformity thiab Electrochemical Kev Ua Haujlwm
Txheej uniformity txiav txim seb txhua square centimeter ntawm atitanium anode pas nrigpab sib npaug rau qhov xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical - seb chlorine evolution, oxygen evolution, los yog oxidative degradation ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Tsis yog-cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws tsim cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no. Hauv chlor-alkali thiab sodium hypochlorite generator daim ntawv thov, cov chaw kub no ua kom muaj cua sov ntau dhau, ua kom TiO₂ passivation hauv qab cov txheej txheej nyias, thiab txo cov kev ua neej zoo ntawm cov electrode. Uniformity yog validated los ntawm scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cross-sections, uas qhia txheej thickness variation nyob rau hauv lub pas nrig ncig, thiab los ntawm lub zog-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) daim ntawv qhia ntawm elemental tis.
Electrochemical kev ua si yog suav nrog siv cyclic voltammetry (CV) los ntsuas cov nqi hluav taws xob voltammetric (q), tus neeg sawv cev rau thaj tsam tiag tiag ntawm cov oxide txheej. Q siab dua qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qis dua cov tshuaj chlorine evolution overpotential thiab txo lub zog noj. Cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm cov pab pawg tshawb fawb electrochemical qhia tau hais tias zoo - npaj RuO₂-IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ txheej ua tiav cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 80-150 mC / cm², nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem thauj khoom thiab calcination.
Yuav ua li cas Engineers tuaj yeem ntsuas Titanium Anode Qws Nto Zoo
Cov kws tsim khoom tau txais titanium anode pas nrig los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag. Cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam raws tu qauv captures ob qho tib si saum npoo npaj zoo thiab txheej kev ncaj ncees.
Kev ntsuas lub kaum sab xis yog ib txoj hauv kev ceev thiab nyab xeeb los xyuas qhov kev tu thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw. Lub titanium nto uas tau raug khawb kom zoo thiab qhib tau muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm dej tsawg dua 20 degree. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txheej txheej precursor tuaj yeem yooj yim lo rau saum npoo. Yog tias qhov ua kom tsis raug, tiv tauj cov ces kaum saum toj 40℃qhia tias tseem muaj cov kab mob sib kis lossis cov oxide tshem tawm tsis tiav.
Peb ntsuas qhov MMO txheej nplaum rau cov khoom siv titanium uas siv ISO 4624-raws li adhesion rub- tawm kev xeem. Cov nqi siab tshaj 5 MPa feem ntau suav hais tias yog siv tau rau electrochemical- qib txheej. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) muab cov duab ntxaws ntxiv ntawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev sib cais cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv paus, txheej txheej, thiab kev sib cuag ntawm cov txheej thiab cov kua rau hauv lawv tus kheej qhov chaw hauv Circuit Court. Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi-hloov tiv thaiv tus nqi dhau lub sijhawm yog qhov cim ntxov ntawm txheej txheej degradation, txawm tias ua ntej kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem pom. Lwm tus qauv siv tau yog qhov ua haujlwm ceev tam sim no. Yog hais tias qhov saum npoo ntawm tus pas nrig raug kho kom zoo thiab coated, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua hla 10-5000 A / m², nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, thiab lub xov tooj ntawm tes yuav tsum nyob qis dua qee qhov kev txwv rau lub hom phiaj electrolyte.
Xaus
Kev kho qhov saum npoo yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem uas txiav txim siab tias atitanium anode pas nrigua dhau nws lub neej ua haujlwm puv ntoob. Mechanical abrasion, acid etching, thermal decomposition, thiab gradient txheej architecture txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosive electrolytes. Cov kws tshaj lij uas nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ua tiav no yog qhov zoo dua los ntsuas cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom lag luam, qhia cov qauv kev lees paub zoo, thiab txo tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab hauv lawv cov tshuab electrochemical.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q1: Vim li cas titanium anode pas nrig yuav tsum tau acid etching ua ntej txheej?
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Titanium ib txwm tsim cov txheej txheem TiO₂ passive ntawm nws qhov chaw thaum raug huab cua. Cov txheej no yog hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv cov hlau oxide coatings los ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Acid etching - feem ntau yog nrog kub oxalic acid - tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis passive no thiab tsim cov micro-textured, chemically active nto uas tso cai rau MMO txheej rau thauj tog rau nkoj khov kho thiab ua haujlwm tam sim no.
Q2: Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam txheej txheej titanium anode pas nrig feem ntau xav tau?
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Tus qauv electrochemical -qib pas nrig tau txais ntawm 6 thiab 15 txheej txheej siv cov txheej txheem thermal decomposition. Txhua lub voj voog ntxiv ib txheej oxide nyias, thiab cov txheej txheej tuab feem ntau poob ntawm 2 µm thiab 15 µm. Ntau lub voj voog ua kom cov txheej txheej thauj khoom, uas txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv siab -tam sim no - daim ntawv thov ceev xws li sodium hypochlorite tiam.
Q3: Dab tsi yog qhov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm kev kho titanium anode pas nrig?
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Raws li kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm - qhov tsim nyog tam sim no ntom ntom, sib haum electrolyte concentration, thiab txaus txias - ib tug pas dej{2}} tsim pas nrig nrog gradient composite MMO txheej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau 8-10 xyoo. Cov ntawv thov kev tiv thaiv Cathodic hauv av lossis dej hiav txwv tau sau tseg cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntev tshaj 50 xyoo vim qhov kev xav tau qis dua tam sim no hauv cov tshuab no.
Npaj los Tau Txais Kev Txhim Kho Titanium Anode Qws? Hu rau NAVI Titanium
Ntawm NAVI Titanium, kev kho deg tsis yog qhov kev xav tom qab - nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov electrode peb tsim. Tsim los ntawm 2008 thiab headquartered nyob rau hauv Baoji, lub plawv ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub titanium kev lag luam, peb muab substrate hloov kev txawj ntse nrog gradient composite txheej tshuab xa titanium anode qws khoom engineered rau ntev kev pab cuam lub neej thiab ruaj khov electrochemical kev ua tau zoo. Peb ruthenium-iridium-titanium anodes tswj lub zog siv rau 3.2-3.8 kWh/kg muaj cov tshuaj chlorine, txo cov nqi khiav haujlwm ntawm 10-25%. Txawm hais tias koj qhov project xav tau tus qauv pas nrig geometry lossis kev daws teeb meem tag nrho, peb pab pawg engineering muaj kev sib tham pub dawb thiab qauv muab.
Raws li tus thawj cojtitanium anode pas nrigtus neeg muag khoom, NAVI Titanium pab cov neeg siv khoom hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab, kev tua kab mob hauv pas dej, PEM systems, thiab kev lag luam electrochemistry thoob ntiaj teb.
Hu rau peb pab neeg technical ncaj qha ntawmsales@navititanium.comlos tham txog koj cov specifications.
Cov ntaub ntawv
1. Trasatti, S. (2000). Electrocatalysis: Nkag siab qhov ua tiav ntawm DSA. Electrochimica Acta, 45(15–16), 2377–2385.
2. Beer, HB (1980). Kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov hlau anodes. Phau ntawv Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 127(8), 303C–307C.
3. Comninellis, C., & Chen, G. (Eds.). (2010). Electrochemistry rau Ib puag ncig. Springer Science & Kev Lag Luam Media.
4. Lassali, TAF, Boodts, JFC, & Bulhões, LOS (1999). Them cov txheej txheem thiab electrocatalytic zog ntawm IrO₂/TiO₂/RuO₂ oxide zaj duab xis soj ntsuam los ntawm EIS. Electrochimica Acta, 44(24), 4203–4216.
5. Chen, X., & Chen, G. (2005). Stable Ti/RuO₂–Sb₂O₅–SnO₂ electrodes rau O₂ evolution nrog tsawg overpotential. Electrochimica Acta, 50(24), 4795–4803.
6. Nidola, A., & Schira, R. (1986). Tshiab insoluble hlau anodes rau cov txheej txheem electrochemical: Kev loj hlob ntawm activated titanium electrodes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 11(7), 449–458.
